{"id":3053,"date":"2025-04-18T17:08:29","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T10:08:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/baominhhealthcare.com\/?p=3053"},"modified":"2025-04-18T17:08:29","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T10:08:29","slug":"benh-dai-thao-duong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baominhhealthcare.com\/en\/benh-dai-thao-duong\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n glucose. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb m\u00e1u v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose trong m\u00e1u, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 glucose cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. N\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng glucose nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c glucose v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n glucose \u1edf xung quanh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose m\u00e1u nh\u1edd v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng glucose \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1edbi hai h\u1ed1c m\u00f4n insulin v\u00e0 glucagon. Insulin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose m\u00e1u, c\u00f2n glucagon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai h\u1ed1c m\u00f4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea3o Langerhans. Insulin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea3o, c\u00f2n glucagon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o alpha n\u1eb1m \u1edf r\u00eca ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea3o. Insulin l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 insulin.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m xuy\u00ean qua m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi insulin nh\u01b0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00f4 c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 m\u1edf. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 insulin t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00fai ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n glucose \u1edf trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. C\u00e1i t\u00fai n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u00f2a v\u00e0o m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c k\u00eanh cho ph\u00e9p glucose \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Glucagon th\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn gan v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed glucose m\u1edbi, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y glycogen th\u00e0nh glucose, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o trong m\u00e1u. \u0110\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7ng \u0111o\u00e1n khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u qu\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 n\u00f3 g\u1eb7p \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng 10% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 1<\/h2>\n

C\u00f3 2 ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a> , l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 1 v\u00e0 type 2. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng 10% b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 type 1 v\u00e0 90% c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2. Ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 1. Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ee7 insulin. L\u00fd do x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 1 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ea9n type 4 hay \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch qua trung gian t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ee5y, nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec1 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c peptide nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c polysaccharides hay lipid.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec c\u1ea3. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dung th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 1, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng dung th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T v\u00e0 nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta. M\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng dung th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p k\u00eau g\u1ecdi th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta n\u00e0y. M\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m insulin.<\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u00e1i<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u00edt insulin h\u01a1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 glucose t\u00edch l\u0169y trong m\u00e1u b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 Gen quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HLA. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m Gen n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 6. Ch\u00fang m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay MHC.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t protein c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ngo\u00e0i line c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng dung th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. MHC gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 cho kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 1, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c Gen HLA \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 HLA-DR3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 HLA-DR4, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di truy\u1ec1n. C\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng? B\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 HLA-DR3 v\u00e0 DR4 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 1, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 90% s\u1ed1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

4 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. V\u1edbi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau l\u00e0 Polyphagia, Glycosuria, Polyrhea v\u00e0 Polydipsia, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1eebng c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf trong m\u00e1u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i m\u00f4 m\u1ee1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o v\u00e0 m\u00f4 c\u01a1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y protein.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. S\u1ef1 d\u1ecb h\u00f3a n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Polyphagia. Phagia ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0103n, c\u00f2n Poly ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u cao, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc \u1edf th\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y b\u1ecb th\u1ea3i ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Glycosuria. Glycos ch\u1ec9 Glucose, c\u00f2n uria ch\u1ec9 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec Glucose t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111i theo n\u00f3, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u hay l\u00e0 Polyuria, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i Poly ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f2n uria ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u00ec ti\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Polydipsia. Poly ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f2n Dipsia ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t insulin, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi insulin, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p insulin su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Glucose m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m toan ceton, \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hay Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y lipid. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c acid b\u00e9o t\u1ef1 do, sau \u0111\u00f3 gan bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c acid b\u00e9o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 ketone nh\u01b0 acetoacetic acid, B-hydroxybutyric acid.<\/p>\n

Acetoacetic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ketoacid b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ketone v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m acid carboxylic. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 B-hydroxybutyric acid c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ketone, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ketoacid. Nh\u00f3m ketone c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m hydroxyl.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ketone n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh acid c\u1ee7a m\u00e1u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ketoacidosis. N\u1ebfu m\u00e1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t acid, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3u th\u1edf Kussmaul, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u th\u1edf s\u00e2u v\u00e0 g\u1eafn s\u1ee9c. Khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng lo\u1ea1i b\u1edbt CO2 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1u trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u00ednh acid c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00e1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng H+ (hay proton H+). V\u1edbi Kali, khi m\u00e1u nhi\u1ec5m acid, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n

Proton \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Trong khi Kali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ecbch ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap glucose v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, insulin c\u00f2n k\u00edch th\u00edch k\u00eanh Na+ , K+, ATPase gi\u00fap cho Kali v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 insulin, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn Kali s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m \u1edf d\u1ecbch ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng Kali trong d\u1ecbch ngo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00e1u v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng Kali m\u00e1u. Kali sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft. V\u00ec v\u1eady, theo th\u1eddi gian, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Kali m\u00e1u v\u1eabn cao, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c khoan ch\u1ee9a Kali trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Kali n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng anion, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ion \u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong huy\u1ebft thanh. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 Keto acid, toan cetone \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 insulin, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng stress nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch epinephrine, g\u00e2y k\u00edch th\u00edch ti\u1ebft glucagon.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u glucagon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa glucagon v\u00e0 insulin, c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft t\u0103ng cao. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose m\u00e1u, m\u1ea5t glucose qua n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u, m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, song song v\u1edbi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay th\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 cetone v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m toan cetone.<\/p>\n

Th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ec3 cetone ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh acetone v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u1ecbp th\u1edf ra c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i, l\u00e0m cho h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u00f3 m\u00f9i hoa qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng chung \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o duy nh\u1ea5t cho c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, n\u00f4n v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 n\u00e3o c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb DKA bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, insulin gi\u00fap h\u1ea1 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 Kali, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m toan.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c insulin nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. L\u00fd do ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c th\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng insulin b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng glucose, c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n cho glucose \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0n th\u1ebf b\u00e0o di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o trong th\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng insulin. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1ng insulin l\u00e0 b\u00e9o ph\u00ec, l\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba m\u00f4 m\u1ee1 hay ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c axit b\u00e9o t\u1ef1 do. C\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 adipokines, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u00eam.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng insulin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e9o ph\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1 thao \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p sinh \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1 thao \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2, gia t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1 thao \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c. Trong \u0111\u00e1 thao \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng insulin b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra nhi\u1ec1u insulin h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1u. C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ra nhi\u1ec1u insulin h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef cho n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 insulin cao h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u00e1i<\/p>\n

N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Normoglycemia. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi insulin, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta c\u0169ng ti\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t islet amyloid polypeptide hay l\u00e0 amylin. V\u00ec v\u1eady trong khi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a beta ti\u1ebft ra qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c insulin, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ti\u1ebft ra nhi\u1ec1u amylin.<\/p>\n

L\u00e2u d\u00e0i amylin t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea3o. S\u1ef1 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 theo th\u1eddi gian nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u00e8o \u0111\u00e9t. Ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111i.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 insulin gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose trong m\u00e1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh b\u1ecb t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u glucose ni\u1ec7u, ti\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 th\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 1. Nh\u00ecn chung v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt insulin trong tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00e1 th\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2 t\u1eeb t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1ng insulin. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng insulin glucagon s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec5m toan ceton do \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u do t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft th\u00ec ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u00e1 th\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 th\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 1 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng do m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng glucose l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1i t\u00e1n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng qua m\u1ea1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t tan. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose r\u1ea5t cao trong m\u00e1u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u t\u0103ng cao, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u00e8o t\u00f3p, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u tr\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng \u0111i ti\u1ec3u v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e3o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, bao g\u1ed3m thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n hay HHS trong th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u00edt ceton trong m\u00e1u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m toan nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 trong DKA.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 trong DKA b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u0103ng n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eadp gi\u1eefa hai h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh type 1 v\u00e0 type 2 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thai k\u1ef3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai. C\u00f3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong tam c\u00e1 nguy\u1ec7t th\u1ee9 3 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hormon thai k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a insulin tr\u00ean c\u00e1c receptor insulin c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c, do c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1ng insulin gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i do t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 1.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 1 hay type 2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1ee9c glucose c\u00f3 trong m\u00e1u, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 WHO s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. Y t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng \u0103n ho\u1eb7c u\u1ed1ng, tr\u1eeb u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong 8 gi\u1edd, v\u00e0 m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft. M\u1ee9c 110 mg tr\u00ean decilit \u0111\u1ebfn 125 mg tr\u00ean decilit bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 126 mg tr\u00ean decilit bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3i, hay ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o; k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 200 mg tr\u00ean decilit l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u quan tr\u1ecdng cho \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 test dung n\u1ea1p glucose \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho u\u1ed1ng glucose, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu m\u00e1u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 xem b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 glucose \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i kh\u1ecfi m\u00e1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 2 gi\u1edd sau khi u\u1ed1ng. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 140 mg tr\u00ean decilit \u0111\u1ebfn 199 mg tr\u00ean decilit bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 200 mg tr\u00ean decilit bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u t\u0103ng cao, glucose c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c protein \u0111ang tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i trong m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HbA1c. N\u00f3 x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hemoglobin trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi glucose, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hemoglobin b\u1ecb glycosyl h\u00f3a. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 HbA1c t\u1eeb 5,7 \u0111\u1ebfn 6,4 % bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 6,5 % bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hemoglobin b\u1ecb glycosyl kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u c\u00f3 cao trong v\u00f2ng 2 \u2013 3 th\u00e1ng qua hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n

Theo th\u1eddi gian, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose m\u00e1u cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u nh\u1ecf \u1edf c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch do hyaline \u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng hyaline. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c protein, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 k\u00e9m \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. \u1ede m\u00e1u m\u1ea1ch, m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0y l\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i oxy gi\u1eefa m\u00e1u m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4, g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu oxy.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y s\u01a1 v\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1n \u0111au tim v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u1ef5 \u2014 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\"Bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1eaft, \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u1ecfng m\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y khi soi \u0111\u00e1y m\u1eaft m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00f4ng hay xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9 l\u00f2a. \u1ede th\u1eadn, c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n mau m\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u th\u1eadn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eadn h\u01b0, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1eadn t\u1eeb t\u1eeb theo th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea1y th\u1eadn nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c di\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1edf ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u00f3n tay, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t g\u00e0n tay, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i cho \u0111\u1ebfn trung ti\u1ec7n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e1u k\u00e9m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn luy\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u1edf b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, ch\u1ee7ng \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u00f3ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, thu\u1ed1c men \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng insulin, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p insulin n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o beta \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u0103ng glucose m\u00e1u. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong ti\u1ebft insulin, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a insulin, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u m\u00e3n t\u00ednh n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a carbohydrate, lipid, protein v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tim, m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, m\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u1eadn. Theo th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017, tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 424,9 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 11 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2045, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean 629 tri\u1ec7u, t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 48%, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, tuy nhi\u00ean, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 4 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh: \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u, g\u1ea7y s\u00fat c\u00e2n, kh\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u00f4i khi, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1eaft nh\u01b0 nh\u00ecn m\u1edd, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ru\u1ed3i bay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft; c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 ch\u00e1n \u0103n, ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 vi\u00eam r\u0103ng, vi\u00eam l\u1ee3i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p bao g\u1ed3m lao ph\u1ed5i, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, \u00e1p xe ph\u1ed5i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf tim m\u1ea1ch, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 x\u01a1 v\u1eefa m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u g\u00e2y \u0111au ng\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, m\u1edd m\u1eaft, ho\u1eb7c x\u01a1 v\u1eefa m\u1ea1ch n\u00e3o g\u00e2y c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u n\u00e3o. X\u01a1 v\u1eefa m\u1ea1ch chi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1eb9p m\u1ea1ch chi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au c\u00e1ch h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ea7n kinh ngo\u1ea1i bi\u00ean c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00ea b\u00ec, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn b\u00f2, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng r\u00e1t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay, ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u00edt g\u1eb7p h\u01a1n \u1edf h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 li\u1ec7t d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh s\u1ecd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y s\u1ee5p m\u00ed m\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec7t m\u1eb7t. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebft ni\u1ec7u t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t, vi\u00eam th\u1eadn, b\u1ec3 th\u1eadn. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i da nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5n nh\u1ecdt, s\u1ea9n ng\u1ee9a c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p. C\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u00e3 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, nh\u1ecbp tim nhanh, ti\u00eau ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan. Nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1, c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1<\/h2>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 1, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u1ea9n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i virus trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2, ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean tr\u1ef1c h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9, anh ch\u1ecb em ru\u1ed9t), ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed t\u1eebng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thai k\u1ef3, b\u00e9o ph\u00ec (BMI tr\u00ean 23), v\u00f2ng b\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn (n\u1eef tr\u00ean 80 cm, nam tr\u00ean 90 cm). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam \u00c1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh cao h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a lipid (t\u0103ng triglyceride), t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f3i, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n dung n\u1ea1p glucose, ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed sinh con to, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thai k\u1ef3, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type 2, bao g\u1ed3m ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh, ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thai k\u1ef3 trong l\u1ea7n mang thai tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed sinh con to, ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed s\u1ea3n khoa n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 (nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3y thai, thai l\u01b0u li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp), b\u00e9o ph\u00ec (BMI tr\u00ean 23-25), v\u00f2ng b\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u00edt v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a m\u1ee1 m\u00e1u, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c dung n\u1ea1p glucose k\u00e9m, h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, \u00dac, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam \u00c1, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thai k\u1ef3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thai k\u1ef3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n glucose. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb m\u00e1u v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose trong m\u00e1u, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 glucose cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. N\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng glucose…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3054,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-y-khoa"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baominhhealthcare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baominhhealthcare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baominhhealthcare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baominhhealthcare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baominhhealthcare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3053"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/baominhhealthcare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3053\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3062,"href":"https:\/\/baominhhealthcare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3053\/revisions\/3062"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baominhhealthcare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baominhhealthcare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baominhhealthcare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baominhhealthcare.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}